Camping on Vacant Land: The Complete 2026 Legal Guide

What Is Vacant Land Camping?

Camping on vacant land.

It sounds simple.

But here's the thing:

It's one of the most misunderstood topics in outdoor recreation.

So let's clear it up.

Vacant land camping is setting up temporary shelter on undeveloped property. This could be:

• Your own private land
• Someone else's private land (with permission)
• Public lands managed by federal or state agencies

The key word?

Temporary.

Most jurisdictions distinguish between "temporary recreational camping" and "permanent residential occupation."

Why does this matter?

Because crossing that line triggers building codes. Septic requirements. Zoning compliance.

And potentially massive fines.

Here's the deal:

In 2024, private campgrounds and alternative camping options (like Hipcamp) accounted for 31% of all nights camped in the United States.

That's the highest percentage ever recorded.

People are hungry for authentic outdoor experiences.

And vacant land camping delivers exactly that.

No reservations. No neighbors. No rules but your own.

But before you pitch that tent…

You need to understand the legal landscape.

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Private vs Public Land: Key Differences

This is where most people get confused.

Private land camping and public land camping are completely different games.

Different rules. Different expectations. Different experiences.

Let me break it down.

Private Land Camping

You either own the land. Or you have explicit permission from someone who does.

Simple, right?

Not exactly.

Here's what you need to know:

The Pros:

• No competition for spots
• No time limits (usually)
• Can improve the property over time
• Potential income opportunity (Hipcamp, Harvest Hosts)
• Total privacy and freedom

The Cons:

• County regulations still apply
• May need permits for extended stays
• Liability exposure if hosting guests
• Must handle your own waste, water, and power
• Property taxes don't stop

Pro Tip: Before camping on your own land, call your county planning department. Ask specifically: "How many days per year can I camp on my property without a permit?" Get the answer in writing.

Public Land Camping (Dispersed/Boondocking)

This is camping on federal or state-managed lands outside designated campgrounds.

Think BLM land. National Forests. State forests.

It's often free.

But it comes with strict rules.

The Pros:

• Usually free (no fees)
• Millions of acres available
• Stunning, remote locations
• No reservations needed

The Cons:

• 14-day stay limits (typically)
• No facilities whatsoever
• Must relocate every 14-28 days
• Fire restrictions may apply
• Some areas are closed or require permits

The Comparison Table

The bottom line?

Private land gives you control. Public land gives you access.

Choose based on your goals.

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Is It Legal? State-by-State Breakdown

Here's the truth nobody wants to admit:

There's no universal answer.

Every state is different. Every county is different. Sometimes every township is different.

But I can give you a framework.

The Most Permissive States (Camping-Friendly)

These states have minimal regulations on camping on private vacant land:

Moderate Regulation States

These states allow camping but with clearer limitations:

Strict Regulation States

These states require more careful navigation:

Safety Warning: These are generalizations. Regulations change frequently. ALWAYS verify with your specific county planning department before making any camping plans or land purchases.

The Critical Questions to Ask Your County

Before you camp, call your county and ask:

1. "How many days per year can I camp on my own vacant land?"
2. "Do I need a temporary use permit?"
3. "Are there setback requirements from property lines?"
4. "What are the requirements for human waste disposal?"
5. "Are there fire restrictions I should know about?"
6. "Does my property need to be a certain size?"
7. "Are RVs treated differently than tent camping?"

Get answers in writing.

Then you're protected.

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The 14-Day Rule: BLM & Forest Service

Want to camp for free on public land?

You need to understand this rule.

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) oversees approximately 245 million acres of public land.

About 90% is available for recreation. Including dispersed camping.

Here's how the 14-day rule works:

BLM Dispersed Camping Rules (2026)

The Basic Rule:

• You can camp for up to 14 consecutive days in one location
• After 14 days, you must move at least 25 miles away
• You cannot return to the original location for 28 days

What Counts as "One Location":

• Generally interpreted as the same general area
• Moving 100 feet doesn't reset the clock
• Moving to a different BLM district does

Exceptions:

• Some areas have shorter limits (7 days near popular destinations)
• Long-Term Visitor Areas (LTVAs) allow seasonal stays with permits
• Some areas require advance permits regardless of duration

National Forest Dispersed Camping

Similar rules, but with variations:

• Standard limit: 14 days within a 30-day period
• Some forests: Allow up to 16 days
• INYO National Forest (California): Up to 42 days in designated areas
• Bridger-Teton (Wyoming): Only 3 days near Grand Teton

Pro Tip: Download the Avenza PDF Maps app and load your area's Motor Vehicle Use Map (MVUM). These show exactly where dispersed camping is allowed—and where it's prohibited.

Long-Term Visitor Areas (LTVAs)

Want to camp longer?

The BLM operates special areas in Arizona and California for extended stays:

These are perfect for snowbirds and full-time RVers.

What "Leave No Trace" Really Means

This isn't just a slogan.

On public land, it's the law.

The 7 Principles:

1. Plan ahead and prepare
2. Travel and camp on durable surfaces
3. Dispose of waste properly
4. Leave what you find
5. Minimize campfire impacts
6. Respect wildlife
7. Be considerate of other visitors

Specifically for Camping:

• Pack out ALL trash (yes, even food scraps)
• Bury human waste 6-8 inches deep, 200+ feet from water
• Use existing fire rings or build mound fires
• Don't cut live trees or vegetation

Violating Leave No Trace can result in fines. And area closures for everyone.

Don't be that person.

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Essential Gear Checklist

Camping on vacant land is different.

There's no camp store. No ranger station. No backup.

You're your own support system.

Here's what you actually need:

Shelter & Sleep

Water Systems

Water is your #1 survival priority.

Never assume a natural water source is safe.

Pro Tip: Bring at least 1 gallon per person per day. More in hot weather. Plan for 3 days longer than you expect to stay.

Power & Electronics

Off-grid doesn't mean off-power anymore.

For more detailed gear recommendations, check our complete camping gear for vacant land guide.

Sanitation (Don't Skip This)

How you handle waste determines whether you can keep camping.

Tools & Safety

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Water, Power & Waste Systems

These are "The Big 3" of vacant land camping.

Get them right? You can camp indefinitely.

Get them wrong? You're heading home early.

Water: Your #1 Priority

Option 1: Haul It In

• Most common for short-term camping
• Cost: $50-$200 per delivery (varies by location)
• Requires storage containers

Option 2: Natural Sources (Filter Required)

• Streams, springs, lakes
• ALWAYS filter and/or purify
• Never drink directly from source

Option 3: Well (Long-Term)

• Cost: $10,000-$30,000 to drill
• Requires permits in most states
• Best for land you own

Option 4: Rainwater Collection

• Legal in most states (check yours)
• Requires storage tanks
• Not reliable in arid regions

Safety Warning: Waterborne illness is no joke in the backcountry. Giardia symptoms can take 1-2 weeks to appear. When in doubt, boil for 1 minute (3 minutes above 6,500 ft elevation).

Power: Off-Grid Solutions

Solar Setup (Recommended)

This setup powers: phones, laptops, LED lights, small fans, CPAP machines.

Generator (Backup)

For higher power needs, see our best camping generators guide.

Key considerations:

• Noise (aim for under 60 dBA)
• Fuel storage and transport
• Many public lands prohibit generators

Waste: The System Nobody Wants to Discuss

But here's the truth:

How you handle waste often determines whether camping is allowed at all.

Human Waste Options:

Cat Hole Rules:

• 6-8 inches deep
• 200+ feet from water, trails, camp
• Cover and disguise when done
• Pack out toilet paper (or use natural alternatives)

Grey Water (Dishwater, etc.):

• Strain food particles (pack them out)
• Scatter at least 200 feet from water
• Use biodegradable soap only

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Site Selection & Safety

Where you pitch your tent matters more than most people realize.

A great site keeps you safe and comfortable.

A bad site can ruin your trip. Or worse.

The Ideal Campsite Checklist

Terrain:

• Relatively flat (slight slope for drainage)
• Not in a depression (flooding risk)
• Not at the base of a cliff (rockfall)
• Not under dead trees ("widowmakers")
• Soil that drains well

Distance Requirements:

• 200+ feet from water sources
• 200+ feet from trails (privacy + Leave No Trace)
• Away from obvious animal paths
• Setback from property lines (if applicable)

Access:

• Legal road access to get there
• Can you get out in an emergency?
• Cell service or satellite communicator range

Wildlife Safety

Depends entirely on your location.

Bear Country (Grizzly or Black Bears):

• Store food in bear canisters or proper bear hang
• Cook and eat 200+ feet from sleeping area
• No food, scented items, or trash in tent
• Carry bear spray and know how to use it

Snake Country:

• Watch where you step and reach
• Use flashlight at night
• Shake out boots before wearing
• Know local venomous species

Mountain Lion Country:

• Travel in groups when possible
• Don't run if encountered
• Make yourself appear larger
• Fight back if attacked

Pro Tip: Research the specific wildlife in your area before you go. Contact local wildlife agencies for current activity reports.

Fire Safety

Wildfires are a serious risk.

And starting one—even accidentally—can result in massive fines and criminal charges.

Before Lighting Any Fire:

1. Check current fire restrictions (state forestry website)
2. Look for posted burn bans
3. Clear 10-foot radius to bare mineral soil
4. Have water and shovel ready
5. Never leave fire unattended
6. Drown, stir, and feel before leaving

When Fires Are Banned:

• Use camp stoves only
• Some areas ban ALL open flame (including stoves)
• Propane stoves usually allowed when wood fires banned

Personal Security

You're alone. In a remote location.

Take reasonable precautions:

• Share your exact location with someone reliable
• Establish check-in schedule
• Carry satellite communicator in areas without cell service
• Keep vehicle keys accessible
• Trust your instincts—if something feels wrong, leave

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How to Monetize Your Vacant Land

Here's something most guides don't mention:

Your vacant land can make money while you're not using it.

Platforms like Hipcamp and Harvest Hosts have created a marketplace for private land camping.

Hipcamp: The Airbnb of Camping

How It Works:

1. List your property on Hipcamp
2. Set your own prices, rules, and availability
3. Guests book and pay through the platform
4. You earn 80-90% of the nightly rate

Typical Earnings:

• Basic tent site: $15-$40/night
• RV-friendly site: $25-$75/night
• Glamping structures: $75-$200+/night

Requirements:

• Must own the land (or have owner permission)
• Provide accurate description of amenities
• Liability insurance recommended
• Some states require business license

Harvest Hosts

Different model than Hipcamp.

How It Works:

• RVers pay annual membership fee ($79-$149)
• Members stay free at participating properties
• Properties are farms, wineries, breweries, etc.
• Expectation: guests spend money at your business

Best For:

• Properties with existing businesses
• Farms, wineries, breweries, museums
• Not ideal for raw vacant land

Legal Considerations for Hosting

Before accepting guests, understand:

Liability:

• If someone gets hurt, you could be sued
• Land liability insurance: $15-$150/month
• Some states have Recreational Use Acts that limit liability (if no charge)

Permits:

• Some counties require permits for commercial camping
• May need health department approval
• Colorado's Chaffee County model: 5+ acres, up to 10 sites, annual permit

Taxes:

• Income from camping is taxable
• May trigger occupancy/lodging taxes
• Keep detailed records

The Income Potential

Let's run some numbers:

Modest income? Yes.

But it can cover property taxes. Or fund improvements.

And for land sitting vacant anyway?

It's pure profit.

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9 Costly Mistakes to Avoid

I've seen these mistakes destroy camping trips. And cost people thousands.

Don't learn the hard way.

Mistake #1: Not Verifying Legal Access

You found beautiful land.

But can you legally get there?

The Problem:

• Landlocked property exists (no legal road access)
• Easements can be disputed
• "Handshake deals" don't hold up in court

The Fix:

• Get title insurance that verifies access
• Look for recorded easements, not verbal agreements
• Visit the property before buying

Mistake #2: Assuming All Vacant Land Allows Camping

Not true.

Some zoning prohibits overnight stays. Even on your own property.

The Problem:

• HOAs may restrict camping
• Some counties require minimum structure before occupancy
• Agricultural zoning may not allow recreational camping

The Fix:

• Call county planning BEFORE buying
• Ask specifically about camping restrictions
• Get it in writing

Mistake #3: Ignoring Water Availability

This is critical.

Especially in arid regions.

The Problem:

• No water on property = haul it in
• Well drilling costs $10,000-$30,000
• Some areas have no groundwater at all

The Fix:

• Check if property has water rights
• Research local well depths and success rates
• Budget for water solutions

Mistake #4: Underestimating Fire Risk

One careless campfire can result in:

• Criminal charges
• Massive fines ($1,000+)
• Civil liability for damages
• Years of guilt

The Fix:

• ALWAYS check fire restrictions before building any fire
• Keep fire extinguisher and water ready
• Never leave fire unattended
• Consider going fire-free entirely

Mistake #5: Skipping Liability Insurance

Someone gets hurt on your property.

Without insurance, you're personally liable.

The Problem:

• Medical bills can be catastrophic
• Lawsuits can take everything you own
• "They assumed the risk" doesn't always hold up

The Fix:

• Get land liability insurance ($15-$150/month)
• Check if your homeowner's policy covers vacant land
• Verify recreational use act protections in your state

Mistake #6: Not Having an Emergency Plan

You're miles from the nearest road.

Cell service doesn't exist.

And something goes wrong.

The Problem:

• Injuries can become life-threatening
• Weather can change rapidly
• Vehicle breakdowns happen

The Fix:

• Share detailed location with emergency contact
• Carry satellite communicator (Garmin InReach, SPOT)
• Know location of nearest hospital
• Plan multiple evacuation routes

Mistake #7: Crossing the "Temporary" Line

14 days becomes 30. Then 60. Then 120.

Suddenly you're "living" on the land.

The Problem:

• Triggers residential zoning requirements
• May require septic, well, permitted structure
• Code enforcement can force removal
• Fines accumulate daily

The Fix:

• Know your county's day limits
• Keep records of when you arrive/leave
• If you want to live on the land, get proper permits

Mistake #8: Poor Waste Management

Leave a mess once. Complaints happen.

Complaints lead to restrictions. For everyone.

The Problem:

• Improperly disposed waste is illegal
• Attracts wildlife to campsites
• Contaminates water sources
• Leads to area closures

The Fix:

• Pack out everything you bring
• Use proper waste disposal systems
• Follow Leave No Trace religiously

Mistake #9: Not Scouting Before Camping

That beautiful online photo?

It might be hiding:

• Impossible access roads
• Flooding issues
• Neighbor conflicts
• Dumping sites
• Safety hazards

The Fix:

• Always visit property before buying OR extended camping
• Walk the boundaries
• Check access in all weather conditions
• Talk to neighbors if possible

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I legally camp on my own vacant land?

Usually yes, but with limits.

Most counties allow temporary camping (14-180 days/year) on your own property without permits. But "permanent residence" triggers building codes and zoning requirements.

Key factors:

• Your county's specific regulations
• Zoning classification of your land
• Duration of stay
• Type of shelter (tent vs RV vs structure)

Always verify with your county planning department before camping.

How long can I camp on BLM land?

14 days within a 28-day period.

After 14 consecutive days, you must move at least 25 miles away. You can't return to the original area for 28 days.

Exceptions:

• Long-Term Visitor Areas (LTVAs) allow seasonal stays with permits
• Some areas have shorter limits (7 days near popular destinations)
• Some areas require advance permits

What's the difference between dispersed camping and boondocking?

Same concept, different contexts.

• Dispersed camping: The official term for camping outside designated campgrounds on public land
• Boondocking: Colloquial term, especially among RVers, for camping without hookups

Both mean: no facilities, no fees (usually), self-sufficient camping on undeveloped land.

Do I need a permit to camp on private land?

Depends on your county.

Some counties:

• Allow unlimited camping on private property
• Require permits after certain number of days
• Restrict camping entirely in some zones

Always check your specific county's regulations.

What's the best state for camping on vacant land?

Utah, Montana, and Wyoming consistently rank highest for minimal regulations and camping flexibility.

However, the best state depends on:

• Your climate preferences
• Desired landscape (desert, mountains, forest)
• Proximity to family/work
• Budget for land purchase

Our state-by-state guide provides more details.

Can I build a permanent structure for camping on my land?

Yes, but you'll need permits.

Any permanent structure—even a small cabin—typically requires:

• Building permit
• Compliance with building codes
• Setback from property lines
• Possibly septic and water systems

Some counties have exemptions for small structures under certain square footage. Check locally.

Is it legal to live full-time in an RV on my own land?

Varies dramatically by county.

Some counties:

• Allow full-time RV living with restrictions
• Require RV to be connected to approved septic
• Prohibit RV as primary residence entirely
• Allow only temporary RV stays (60-180 days/year)

This is one of the most county-specific regulations. Verify before buying land with this intent.

How do I find vacant land for camping?

Several options:

1. Online marketplaces: LandWatch, Lands of America, Zillow
2. Owner financing options: Landydandy offers affordable land with no credit checks
3. County tax sales: Cheap land, but do your due diligence
4. Direct mail to landowners: Find absentee owners through county records

For camping without buying, try:

• BLM and National Forest dispersed camping (free)
• Hipcamp (private land rentals)
• Harvest Hosts (RV membership program)

What should I do if someone is camping on my vacant land without permission?

Document and address systematically:

1. Verify they're actually on YOUR property (not adjacent)
2. Photograph evidence without confrontation
3. Post "No Trespassing" signs if not already present
4. Contact local sheriff's department
5. Consider security cameras for ongoing monitoring

Avoid direct confrontation. Let authorities handle it.

Can I hunt on my own vacant land?

Generally yes, but hunting laws still apply.

Even on private property:

• You need valid hunting license
• Bag limits and seasons apply
• Some areas have discharge restrictions
• Neighbors may have legitimate complaints about shooting

Check your state's fish and wildlife regulations for private land hunting rules.

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Your Next Steps

Camping on vacant land is one of the most rewarding outdoor experiences available.

No crowds. No reservations. Total freedom.

But it requires preparation.

Here's your action plan:

If you're camping on public land:

1. Research specific regulations for your target area
2. Download relevant maps (MVUM, BLM surface management)
3. Prepare gear checklist—you're 100% self-sufficient
4. Plan for 14-day limit and potential relocation

If you're camping on private land:

1. Call county planning to verify what's allowed
2. Understand temporary vs permanent residence distinction
3. Plan for water, power, and waste systems
4. Consider liability insurance if hosting guests

If you're buying land for camping:

1. Verify legal access before purchase
2. Confirm camping is allowed in that zoning
3. Check water availability and cost to develop
4. Visit the property in person before committing

The outdoor adventure of a lifetime is waiting.

You just need the right land to make it happen.

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